What is `^M` and how do I get rid of it? - Unix Linux Stack Exchange The ^M is a carriage-return character If you see this, you're probably looking at a file that originated in the DOS Windows world, where an end-of-line is marked by a carriage return newline pair, whereas in the Unix world, end-of-line is marked by a single newline
What is the difference between -m conntrack --ctstate and -m state --state Obsolete extensions: • -m state: replaced by -m conntrack Data point #2 Even so I found this SF Q A titled: Firewall questions about state and policy? where the OP claimed to have asked this question on IRC in #iptables@freenode After discussing it there he came to the conclusion that: